COP 27 : What you should know about the Sharm El-Sheikh Climate Summit?
Attention is directed to this summit, in which world leaders and high-ranking United Nations officials will participate, as well as thousands of environmental activists from all over the world.
What is the United Nations Conference on Climate Change?
It is an annual summit attended by 197 countries to discuss climate change, and what these countries are doing to confront and address this problem.
The conference is part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an international treaty signed by most countries in the world to limit human activity’s impact on the climate.
This conference is the twenty-seventh since the agreement entered into force on March 21, 1994. This year, the conference will be held in Sharm El-Sheikh, located in southern Sinai and overlooks the Red Sea, from November 6 to November 18.
Why is it held this year in Sharm El Sheikh?
The host country for the conference is chosen according to a system of rotation between different continents. Last year, Egypt submitted a request to host this year's session of the conference and was chosen as the only African country that expressed its desire to host it.
At that time, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi announced that his country would make the conference "A Radical Turning Point in international climate efforts in coordination with all parties for the benefit of Africa and the world at large."
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What does the world want from this summit?
At last year's summit in Glasgow, UK, participants reached an agreement aimed at reducing the environmental risks to the planet.
The agreement is the first of its kind to explicitly reduce the use of coal, which increases greenhouse gas emissions.
The agreement also provides for work to reduce the rate of gas emissions, and to provide financial support for developing countries to adapt to the consequences of climate change that the planet is witnessing.
The participating countries pledged to return to the meeting this year, to agree to further reduce the rates of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide emissions, in line with reducing the rate of increase in the planet's temperature to less than 1.5 degrees Celsius.
At the time, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres described the agreement as an important step, but not enough. "We must accelerate climate action to maintain the goal of limiting the rise in global temperature to 1.5 degrees Celsius," he said. Guterres added that it was time to “move into an emergency, end fossil fuel subsidies, phase out coal, set a carbon price, protect vulnerable communities, and meet our $100 billion climate finance commitment. We haven’t met those goals at this conference. But we have some of the basic building blocks for progress.